Demonstrations in Class for Physics 150,
Fall 2004
- Lecture 1: Introduction
- Newton's
Cradle
- Purpose: To illustrate mechanics of a few
bodies
- Observe motion that is surprising yet simple
- Tesla
Coil with Light Bulb
- Purpose: To illustrate electromagnetic
energy
and waves, light, and quantum mechanics
- Coil induces sparks in second coil; sparks
to
wire held by
instructor (student)
- Causes fluorescent tube, neon gas to glow;
Lines seen in grating show effect of quantum mechanics
- Atomic
Spectral Lines and Diffraction Gratings
- Purpose: To illustrate quantum mechanics
- Observe definite lines from a given element
- Lecture 2: Astronomy: The problem of the
planets
- Sun,
Earth, and Moon Rotations
- Purpose: Show the sun and moon relative to
the earth; phases of the moon
- Shadows
on Earth by Sun - I
- Purpose: Show how circumference of earth was
measured more than
300 years BC
Have globe with two vertical sticks at different lattitudes; floodlight
that
can be held by hand
- Shadows
on Earth by Sun - II
- Purpose: Show how distance to moon and sun
were measured more than
300 years BC
using globe small ball (baseball, ping pong ball) and floodlight
- Kepler's laws illustrated with demos from Web
site "Java
Applets on Physics"
- Elliptical orbital motion shown with applet
from here.
- Lecture 3: Mechanics
-- Description of Motion
- Bow and arrow
- Purpose: Visualize Aristotle's theory of
motion
- Toy cars with small and large friction
- Purpose: Low and High friction motion
- Steel Balls of different weight
- Purpose: Low friction motion
- Steel plate onto which to drop the balls
- Purpose: falling of bodies with different
weight
- Balls
dropping in water, glycerin
- Purpose: Falling in media with different
viscosity (friction)
- Compare approaches of Aristotle and Galileo
- Bowling
ball rolling on incline with flashing lights
- Purpose: To illustrate how Galileo "slowed
down" effects
of gravity to make them easier to measure
- Purpose: Shows that mathematics can be used
to transform
equation to a different form that can be more readily tested.
- Lights flash at equal intervals, spaced at
distances
of 1, 4, 9, 25, 36, ... units
- Constant acceleration using demos from Web site
"Java
Applets on Physics"
- Penny
and Feather dropping in air and vacuum
- Purpose: Nowadays we can realize the
frictionless case
- Two
Ball Drop
- Purpose: Show the balls hit the ground at the
same time -
Independence of X-Y motion
- Shoot
the Monkey
- Purpose: Show dart and monkey fall with the
same
acceleration since each is falling freely
- Projectile motion using demos from Web site "Java
Applets on Physics"
- Lecture 4: Galileo
and Newton
- Tractor on a card
- Purpose: To show motion in more than one
dimension
(same idea as in previous lecture)
- Vectors: Circular chalkboard and magnetic
stick-on vectors Also using demos from Web site "Java
Applets on Physics"
- Purpose: To show vector addition and
acceleration in circular motion
- Cannon
on a cart
- Purpose: To show how motion is relative:
Galilean invariance.
(Related to 1st law.)
- Cannon on a cart with pulley (same equipment as
above)
- Purpose: To show acceleration caused by a
force
(2nd law)
- Lecture 5: Newton's
3 Laws and the Universal
Law of Gravitation
- Rocket
Cart (Fire Extinguisher cart)
- Purpose: To show action/reaction principle
(3rd
law)
- Skate
board
- Purpose: To demonstrate action/reaction
principle (conservation of momentum)
- Newton's
Fan Cart
- Purpose: To demonstrate action/reaction
principle (conservation of momentum)
- Ball on a string
- Purpose: To show circular motion, force due
to string
- Lecture 6:
Newton's Laws, Gravitation
- Leaky cup drop
- Purpose: To demonstrate that the
acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects.
- Table cloth + dishes
- Purpose: To show Newton's First Law
- Mouse trap on car
- Purpose: To show Newton's Third Law
(and momentum conservation)
- Leaning Tower
- Purpose: To show equilibrium systems
(Newton's 2nd Law and gravitation)
- Balancing bottle and block of wood
- Purpose: To show equilibrium systems
(Newton's 2nd Law and gravitation)
- Balancing bird
- Purpose: To show equilibrium systems
(Newton's 2nd Law and gravitation)
- Balloons with pump
- Purpose: To
show Newton's Third Law (and momentum conservation)
- Lecture 7: Conservation Laws
- Pendulum
cart
- Purpose: To show conservation of momentum
(3rd law,
but even more general)
- Glancing collisions
- Purpose: To show conservation of momentum
(3rd law,
but even more general)
- Bowling ball on wire from ceiling
- Purpose: To show conservation of energy
(Professor bravely lets
it swing right up to his nose
- Roller
coaster
- Purpose: To show conservation of energy,
transfer from kinetic to potential
- Flywheel
- Purpose: To illustrate transformation of
energy
between
different forms (rotational, potential, translational)
- Pyramid
power top
- Purpose: To illustrate transformation of
energy
between forms
- Lecture 8: First, Second Law of
Thermodynamics
- Bowling ball on wire from ceiling
- Purpose: To show conservation of energy
(Professor bravely lets
it swing right up to his nose
- Loop the loop
- Purpose: To show energy transformation
between kinetic and potential
- Dye dropped into water
- Purpose: To show dissipation of dye as
example of
decrease of order - evolution to morev probable states
- Bicycle
pump piston with thermometer
- Purpose: To that heat is a measure of
motion in a gas.
- Fire
starter
- Purpose: To show compressed gas can
ignite a fire.
- Liquid Nitrogen steam engine
- Purpose: To show that steam engine camn
work
between any two tempartures
- Tacoma Narrows bridge video
- Purpose: To show energy transfer from
one form to another.
- Lecture 9: Exam
Review
- Liquid
nitrogen and baloon
- Cannon
on a cart
- Purpose: To show how motion is relative:
Galilean invariance.
(Related to 1st law.)
- Two
Ball Drop
- Purpose: Show the balls hit the ground at the
same time -
Independence of X-Y motion
- Skate
board
- Purpose: To demonstrate action/reaction
principle (conservation of momentum)
- Shadows
on Earth by Sun - I
- Purpose: Show how circumference of earth was
measured more than
300 years BC
Have globe with two vertical sticks at different lattitudes; floodlight
that
can be held by hand
- Ballistic pendulum
- Purpose: To demonstrate momentum
conservation and energy conservation.
- Paddle boat
- Purpos: To demonstrate Newton's 3rd Law.
- Newton's
Cradle
- Purpose: To illustrate mechanics of a few
bodies, energy and momentum conservation
- Ball on a string
- Purpose: To show circular motion, force due
to string
- Lecture 10: Electric and Magnetic Forces
- Pith Balls and Rod
- Purpose: 1. To illustrate Electric Forces;
2. to show there are two types of electric charge;
3. to make the point that there is a question how fast the force
travels.
- Van
de Graaf Generator
- Purpose: To illustrate electric forces and
charges.
- Van de Graaf and popcorn
- Purpose: To illustrate static
electricity.
- Wimhurst
Machine (Turning wheel with wire
brushes
that generates
large voltages)
- Purpose: To illustrate effects of large
electric fields
- Bar
magnets
- Purpose: To illustrate Magnetic Forces,
magnetic dipoles
- Current
loop apparatus
- Purpose: Demonstrate electric current
generates magnetic fields
- Electromagnetic
cannon
- Purpose: Induced magnetic fields
- Electromagnetic cannon lights a light bulb
- Purpose: Induced electric and magnetic
fields
- Lecture 11: Maxwell: Electromagnetism &
Electromagnetic Waves
- Tesla
Coil and tubes with neon gas; fluorescent tubes
- Purpose: To illustrate that electric current
generate
effects at a distance
- Electric fields with seeds on overhead
- Purpose: To illustrate the concept of an
electric field.
- Superconductor and small magnet
- Purpose: To illustrate that electricity and
magnetism are related.
- Commercial plasma ball
- Purpose: To illustrate that we can observe
electric discharges
- Two tesla coils
- Purpose: To illustrate that electric current
generate
effects at a distance
- Iron
filings with bar magnet on overhead
- Purpose: To illustrate the concept of a
magnetic field.
- Lecture 12: Waves and Interference
- Lumirod
and laser pointer
- Purpose: To demonstrate internal reflection
(wave property) of light.
- Transverse
wave on rope
- Purpose: To demonstrate wave properties.
- Bell
in vacuum
- Purpose: To show that air is the medium that
transmits sound waves.
- Ripple
tank on overhead
- Purpose: To show diffraction and interference of
water waves.
- Green
and red lasers through diffraction grating
- Purpose: To show diffraction of light.
- Michelson
interferometer
- Purpose: To show the wave properties of light.
- Wine
glass and corn syrup
- Purpose: To show polarization, another property
of waves.
- Lucite
refraction on overhead
- Purpose: To illustrate that light acts like a
wave
- Interference
of light from laser and two slits
- Purpose: To illustrate that light shows
the same type of interference as sound. Light is a wave.
This is where things stood in 1880 after Maxwell.
- Lecture 13: Practical
probability and statistics
- Chaos
and electric field
- Purpose: To show a chaotic system with many
possible outcomes.
- Geiger
counter
- Purpose: To show radioactivity, which is a random
process.
- Flipping pennies
- Purpose: To show the probabilities of trends.
- Lecture 14: Summary of
classical physics and the
birth of modern physics
- Black
box and sodium lamp
- Speakers
(sound wave interference)
- Purpose: To demonstrate interference of waves.
- Tractor
on sheet of paper
- Purpose: To show Galilean relativity.
- Michelson
interferometer
- Purpose: To demonstrate the Michelson set-up and
how interference allows for great precision.
- Java
demo of Michelson-Morley experiment
- Purpose: To show how this experiment would
behave with and without ether.
- Lecture 15: Introduction
to Special Relativity
- Java
demo of Michelson-Morley experiment
- Purpose: To show how this experiment would
behave with and without ether.
- Meter sticks and stopwatches.
- Purpose: To explain length contraction and
simultanaeity.
- Lecture 16: Special
Relativity, Spacetime
- Special
Relativity
- Purpose: To show an example of a paradox of
Special Relativity
- Meter sticks, flashlight and stopwatches.
- Purpose: To explain time dilation, length
contractoin and simultanaeity.
- Cart
on Track on track
- Purpose: To show observations from different
reference frames.
- Smith's
Relativity
- Purpose: To show why moving clocks run slow.
- Lecture 17:
Energy/Mass Equivalence
- Special
Relativity
- Purpose: To show an example of a paradox of
Special Relativity
- Lecture 18: Exam 2
Review
- Electrostatic
squirrel cage
- Purpose: To show an example of static
electricity.
- Helmholz
coil compass
- Purpose: To show that moving charges create
magnetic fields.
- Coil
and light bulb in liquid nitrogen
- Purpose: To show resistance to the flow of
electricity.
- Big
bang
- Purpose: To show how electric charge can be
stored and flow.
- Bar
magnet and compass
- Purpose: To show an example of magnetism.
- Ripple
tank on overhead
- Purpose: To show the properties of waves.
- Superconductor
and small magnet
- Purpose: To show that superconductors expel
magnetic fields.
- Interference,
Moire patterns on overhead
- Purpose: To show an example of intereference.
- Superposition
of waves
- Purpose: To show an example of superposition.
- Lecture 19:
Introduction
to General Relativity
- General
Relativity
- Purpose: To show an example of a curved
space-time
- Black
hole at center of Milky way
- Purpose: To show evidence for a black hole at
the center of our galaxy!
- Lecture 20:
Cosmology. Are We Alone?
- Lecture 21: Quantum
Mechanics. Particles and Waves.
- Glancing
Collisions
- Purpose: To show how collisions depend upon
interactions.
- Torsion
wave machine
- Purpose: To show wave properties.
- Christmas
Tree
- Purpose: To show examples of different atomic
spectra.
- Scattering
Model
- Purpose: To show an example of how we can
determine information without looking.
- Lecture 22:
Uncertainty. Atomic Physics.
- Ripple
tank on overhead
- Purpose: To show wave diffraction..
- Electron
diffraction tube
- Purpose: To show that electrons can behave like
waves.
- Atomic
orbital models
- Purpose: To show examples atomic orbitals.
- Lecture 23: The
Nucleus.
- Model
of atom
- Purpose: To show the relative distance scales in
an atom.
- Geiger
counter
- Purpose: To show radioactivity.
- Nucleus
model
- Purpose: To show the properties of the atomic
nucleus.
- Estimate your
radiation dose
- Lecture 24: Fission
and Fusion.
- Chain
reaction
- Purpose: To show an example of a chain reaction
process.
- Radioactive decay shown on Web
site "Java
Applets on Physics".
- Emulate
fusion in the sun.
- Fission
processes.
- Lecture 25:
Elementary Particles
- Cloud
chamber
- Purpose: To show an example of cosmic rays.
- EM
Tube
- Purpose: To show an electron beam.
- Lecture 26: Course
Summary, Final Exam Review
- Scattering
Model
- Purpose: To show an example of how we can
determine information without looking.
- Nucleus
model
- Purpose: To show the properties of the atomic
nucleus.
- General
Relativity
- Purpose: To show an example of a curved
space-time
- Sun,
Earth, and Moon Rotations
- Purpose: Show the sun and moon relative to
the earth; phases of the moon
- Bowling ball on wire from ceiling
- Purpose: To show conservation of energy
(Professor bravely lets
it swing right up to his nose)
- Van
de Graaf Generator
- Purpose: To illustrate electric forces and
charges.
- Green
and red lasers through diffraction grating
- Purpose: To show diffraction of light.
Last modified: November 24, 2004
Kevin Pitts